1. Boiler Shell

The boiler shell is the outside structure for the entire boiler. It is used to support and protect the internal parts of the boiler. It is typically constructed from high carbon steel plates and can operate at the high temperature and high pressure conditions inside the boiler. 

2. Furnace

The furnace is the area where the fuel burns and gives off heat to the water or steam system of the boiler. The high temperature flames and smoke of the furnace exit and are transferred to the water or steam system of the boiler through radiation and convection. Most furnaces today have fuel burners and control systems to efficiently burn the fuel and emit low pollutants.

3. Grate ( Used for Solid Fuel Boilers)

In solid fuel (such as coal) boilers, the grate is used to support the fuel and evenly sends the fuel into the furnace for combustion through its movement. The movement of the grate can also help to discharge the ash after burning. 

4. Boiler Drum 

The boiler drum is an important part of the boiler, which is used to separate water and steam. It is equipped with a soda separation device inside to ensure the quality of saturated steam.
The design of the boiler drum needs to take into account its internal steam-water separation effect, water level control and pressure adjustment. Its material and structure must be able to withstand high temperature and high pressure to ensure safe operation.

5. Water Walls

The water walls (or tubes) are one of the main heating surfaces of the boiler, which absorb radiant heat in the furnace to heat water into a steam-water mixture. The water walls are usually arranged around the furnace to form a closed circulation system.
The design of the water wall needs to consider its heat absorption efficiency, water circulation speed and high temperature resistance. Its material is usually heat-resistant steel to ensure stable operation in a high-temperature environment.

6. Superheater

The superheater is to further heat the saturated steam to make it superheated steam. Superheated steam has a higher temperature and pressure, which is more suitable for driving equipment such as turbines. 

7. Economizer

The economizer is a preheating device of the boiler. It absorbs the residual heat in the flue gas to preheat the boiler water. This not only improves the thermal efficiency of the boiler but also reduces fuel consumption.
The design of the economizer needs to consider its heat exchange efficiency and the control of feedwater temperature. Its material is usually corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term stable operation in a flue gas environment.
                                                                                                  

8. Air Preheater

The air preheater function is preheat the cold air entering the furnace to increase the combustion efficiency. The preheated air will raise the burning fuel temperature and lower the fuel consumption.
The design of the air preheater needs to consider its heat exchange efficiency and air temperature control. Its material is usually corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term stable operation in a flue gas environment.

9. Safety Valve

The safety valve is a safety device for the boiler. The pressure in the boiler is higher than the specified value, the safety valve will automatically open to release the pressure and prevent the boiler explosion.
Requirements for the design of the safety valve must meet the safety standard specifications, so that the safety valve can be opened and closed automatically when needed. The material and structure of the safety valve must be able to resist high temperature and high pressure.

10. Water Supply Pump

The role of the water pump is to deliver the deoxygenated water into the boiler. The performance of the water pump has a direct impact on the water circulation and operation of the boiler.
Requirements for the design of the water supply pump should calculate the flow and lift and efficiency. The material and structure of the water supply pump must be able to resist high temperature and high pressure.

11. Chimney

The chimney is used to discharge the flue gas generated by the combustion of the boiler. Its design needs to take into account the emission speed, temperature and environmental protection requirements of flue gas.
The design of the chimney needs to consider its height, diameter and material. Its material is usually corrosion-resistant steel to ensure long-term stable operation in a flue gas environment.

Conclusion

From the generation of heat in the furnace to the conservation of heat in the economizer, from explosion prevention by the safety valve to the supply of feed water by feedwater pumps, each component is an important part of the safety, efficiency and reliability of the boiler. Only by mastering the main components of the steam boiler, the operator, the steam boiler to the operation of the facility will understand the steam boiler, so as to ensure the optimal performance of the steam boiler, reduce the operating cost and extend the service life of the equipment.
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